VIOSHA VYA GROFA

Washers wa gorofa hutumiwa kuongeza uso wa kuzaa wa nati au kichwa cha kitango na hivyo kueneza nguvu ya kushinikiza juu ya eneo kubwa. Wanaweza kuwa na manufaa wakati wa kufanya kazi na vifaa vya laini na mashimo makubwa au ya kawaida ya umbo.

 

Saizi ya washer inarejelea saizi yake ya kawaida ya shimo na inategemea saizi ya skrubu. Kipenyo chake cha nje (OD) ni kikubwa kila wakati. Ukubwa na OD kwa kawaida hubainishwa katika inchi za sehemu, ingawa inchi za desimali zinaweza kutumika badala yake. Unene kwa kawaida huorodheshwa katika inchi za desimali ingawa mara nyingi tunaibadilisha kuwa inchi za sehemu kwa urahisi.

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Grade 2 flat washers should only be used with Grade 2 hex cap screws (hex bolts)—use hardened flat washers with Grade 5 and 8 cap screws. Because Grade 2 flat washers are made of soft, low carbon steel, they will "yield" (compress, cup, bend, etc.) under the higher torque values normally associated with Grade 5 and 8 cap screws. As a result, there will be a reduction in clamping force as the washer yields.

 

Washers wa gorofa hupatikana kwa vifaa mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na alumini, shaba, nailoni, shaba ya silicon, chuma cha pua na chuma. Chuma ambacho hakijapakwa au kufunikwa, kinachojulikana kama "malizia tupu," hakijatibiwa uso ili kuzuia kutu isipokuwa kupaka mafuta mepesi kwa ulinzi wa muda. Kwa hivyo, faini za kawaida za chuma ni uwekaji wa zinki na mabati ya dip moto.

 

Kupitia muundo wao, mali ya usambazaji wa washers wazi inaweza kuzuia uharibifu wa aina yoyote kwa nyuso zilizokusanyika. Washer gorofa ina uso mwembamba na tambarare na shimo katikati. Aina hii ya washer hutoa msaada kwa screw ndogo ya kichwa.

 

Black-oxide steel washers are mildly corrosion resistant in dry environments. Zinc-plated steel washers resist corrosion in wet environments. Black ultra-corrosion-resistant-coated steel washers resist chemicals and withstand 1,000 hours of salt spray.

vipimo			Φ1	Φ1.2	Φ1.4	Φ1.6	Φ2	Φ2.5	Φ3	Φ4	Φ5	Φ6	Φ8	Φ10
d	thamani ya crest		1.22	1.42	1.62	1.82	2.32	2.82	3.36	4.36	5.46	6.6	8.6	10.74
	thamani ndogo		1.1	1.3	1.5	1.7	2.2	2.7	3.2	4.2	5.3	6.4	8.4	10.5
dc	thamani ya crest		3	3.2	3.5	4	5	6.5	7	9	10	12.5	17	21
	thamani ndogo		2.75	2.9	3.2	3.7	4.7	6.14	6.64	8.64	9.64	12.07	16.57	20.48
h			0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.8	1.5	1.5	2
Vipande elfu vya uzito (chuma) kilo			0.0014	0.0016	0.018	0.024	0.037	0.108	0.12	0.308	0.354	1.066	2.021	4.078
vipimo			Φ12	(Φ14)	Φ16	(Φ18)	Φ20	(Φ22)	Φ24	(Φ27)	Φ30	Φ36	Φ42	Φ48
d	thamani ya crest		13.24	15.24	17.24	19.28	21.28	23.28	25.28	28.28	31.34	37.34	43.34	50.34
	thamani ndogo		13	15	17	19	21	23	25	28	31	37	43	50
dc	thamani ya crest		24	28	30	34	37	39	44	50	56	66	78	92
	thamani ndogo		23.48	27.48	29.48	33.38	36.38	38.38	43.38	49.38	55.26	65.26	77.26	91.13
h			2	2	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	5	7	8
Vipande elfu vya uzito (chuma) kilo			5.018	6.892	11.3	14.7	17.16	18.42	32.33	42.32	53.64	92.07	182.8	294.1