ZOTSATIRA ZA FLAT

Makina ochapira athyathyathya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera kunyamula pamwamba pa nati kapena mutu wa fasteners motero kufalitsa mphamvu yothirira pamalo okulirapo. Zitha kukhala zothandiza pogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zofewa komanso mabowo okulirapo kapena osakhazikika.

 

Kukula kwa washer kumatanthawuza kukula kwake kwa dzenje ndipo kumatengera kukula kwa screw. Kunja kwake (OD) kumakhala kokulirapo nthawi zonse. Kukula ndi OD nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa mu mainchesi ochepa, ngakhale mainchesi a decimal angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwake. Makulidwe nthawi zambiri amalembedwa mu mainchesi a decimal ngakhale nthawi zambiri timawasintha kukhala mainchesi ochepa kuti zitheke.

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Grade 2 flat washers should only be used with Grade 2 hex cap screws (hex bolts)—use hardened flat washers with Grade 5 and 8 cap screws. Because Grade 2 flat washers are made of soft, low carbon steel, they will "yield" (compress, cup, bend, etc.) under the higher torque values normally associated with Grade 5 and 8 cap screws. As a result, there will be a reduction in clamping force as the washer yields.

 

Makina ochapira a Flat amapezeka muzinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza aluminiyamu, mkuwa, nayiloni, mkuwa wa silicon, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo. Chitsulo chosakutidwa kapena chosakutidwa, chomwe chimatchedwa "plain finish," sichinapangidwe pamwamba kuti chiteteze dzimbiri kupatula mafuta opaka pang'ono kuti atetezedwe kwakanthawi. Pachifukwa ichi, zitsulo zodziwika bwino zimakhala ndi zinc plating ndi galvanizing yotentha ya dip.

 

Kupyolera mu mapangidwe awo, katundu wogawira wa washers wamba amatha kuteteza mtundu uliwonse wa kuwonongeka kwa malo osonkhanitsidwa. Wochapira wathyathyathya ali ndi malo owonda komanso osalala okhala ndi bowo pakati. Washer wamtundu uwu umapereka chithandizo ku zomangira zazing'ono zamutu.

 

Black-oxide steel washers are mildly corrosion resistant in dry environments. Zinc-plated steel washers resist corrosion in wet environments. Black ultra-corrosion-resistant-coated steel washers resist chemicals and withstand 1,000 hours of salt spray.

mfundo			Φ1	Φ1.2	Φ1.4	Φ1.6	Φ2	Φ2.5	Φ3	Φ4	Φ5	Φ6	Φ8	Φ10
d	mtengo		1.22	1.42	1.62	1.82	2.32	2.82	3.36	4.36	5.46	6.6	8.6	10.74
	mtengo wocheperako		1.1	1.3	1.5	1.7	2.2	2.7	3.2	4.2	5.3	6.4	8.4	10.5
dc	mtengo		3	3.2	3.5	4	5	6.5	7	9	10	12.5	17	21
	mtengo wocheperako		2.75	2.9	3.2	3.7	4.7	6.14	6.64	8.64	9.64	12.07	16.57	20.48
h			0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.8	1.5	1.5	2
Zikwizikwi zolemera (zitsulo) kg			0.0014	0.0016	0.018	0.024	0.037	0.108	0.12	0.308	0.354	1.066	2.021	4.078
mfundo			Φ12	(Φ14)	Φ16	(Φ18)	Φ20	(Φ22)	Φ24	(Φ27)	Φ30	Φ36	Φ42	Φ48
d	mtengo		13.24	15.24	17.24	19.28	21.28	23.28	25.28	28.28	31.34	37.34	43.34	50.34
	mtengo wocheperako		13	15	17	19	21	23	25	28	31	37	43	50
dc	mtengo		24	28	30	34	37	39	44	50	56	66	78	92
	mtengo wocheperako		23.48	27.48	29.48	33.38	36.38	38.38	43.38	49.38	55.26	65.26	77.26	91.13
h			2	2	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	5	7	8
Zikwizikwi zolemera (zitsulo) kg			5.018	6.892	11.3	14.7	17.16	18.42	32.33	42.32	53.64	92.07	182.8	294.1